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Efficient Methods for Lowering IoT Attack Surface
The Cyber Security Review | Wednesday, November 09, 2022
As attackers target the ever-growing IoT attack surface, companies can reduce their risks with these six security best practices.
FREMONT, CA: There is a significant attack surface on the internet of things, and it is expanding rapidly. These gadgets are increasingly targeted by skilled hackers, including nation-states and cybercriminals, as they frequently have security flaws and high-risk vulnerabilities.
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IoT assaults have long been linked to lower-level dangers like botnets that mine cryptocurrency and distributed denial of service attacks. However, a rising number of ransomware attacks, espionage, and data theft operations are using IoT as the initial access point into a wider IT network, including the cloud. As recently demonstrated by the QuietExit backdoor, advanced threat actors utilise IoT devices to maintain persistence inside these networks and avoid discovery.
Creating a Holistic and Up-to-date Asset Inventory
80 per cent of corporate security teams cannot even recognise the vast majority of IoT devices connected to their networks. That is a startling number that demonstrates the magnitude of the issue. However, IoT inventorying is challenging. Systems for detecting network behaviour anomalies listen for traffic on span ports. Still, most IoT traffic is encrypted; even if it isn't, the data provided needs more identification information.
Knowing something is an HP printer without any further information is not sufficient, especially if it has security flaws that need to be corrected. However, because they work by delivering distorted packets, legacy vulnerability scanners aren't suitable for IoT identification and may potentially take an IoT device offline.
Discovering IoT devices through native-language interrogation of the devices is a preferable method. In-depth information on IoT devices, such as device version, model number, firmware version, serial number, active services, certificates, and credentials, can be created by an organisation using this. This enables the company to address these risks rather than just find them.
Password Security is Essential
As many IoT devices still utilise default passwords, attacks on these devices are simple to execute. This is the case for about 50 per cent of all IoT devices, and the percentage is considerably greater for particular device types. For instance, 95 per cent of IoT devices for audio and video equipment use default passwords. Even when devices don't use default passwords, most only change their password once every ten years, according to our research.
IoT devices must have special, challenging passwords that are changed routinely. Complex passwords are only supported by some devices, though. Older IoT devices may only support PINs with four digits, while others may only support 10 characters, and some may not even support special characters.
It's crucial to become familiar with all of the features and specifications of an IoT device to create secure passwords and make changes. Consider replacing legacy devices with more contemporary ones that will enable improved security procedures if they have weak password settings or cannot provide authentication.
Managing Device Firmware
As a result of the widespread use of obsolete firmware, most IoT devices present serious security threats. Devices are vulnerable to assaults such as common malware, complex implants and backdoors, remote access attacks, data theft, ransomware, espionage, and even physical destruction due to firmware flaws. The average device's firmware is six years old, and their manufacturers no longer support about one-fourth of them (25 to 30 per cent).
IoT devices should always have the most recent firmware and security fixes available from the suppliers. This can be difficult, especially in large enterprises with millions or hundreds of thousands of these devices. However, it must be done in some manner to maintain the network's security. There are enterprise IoT security platforms that can scale up the automation of this and other security procedures.
The firmware of a device should occasionally be degraded rather than upgraded. Since IoT suppliers frequently take longer to release patches than traditional IT device makers, it can be advisable to temporarily downgrade the device to an earlier firmware version that does not contain the vulnerability when it is being widely abused, and there is no accessible patch.
TurnING off Extraneous Connections, and Limit Network Access
IoT devices frequently have many connectivity features enabled by default, including Bluetooth, wired and wireless connections, Secure Shell, telnet, and other protocols. They are an accessible target for an outside attacker due to their promiscuous access.
Businesses must implement system hardening for IoT in the same way they did for their IT networks. IoT device hardening entails disabling these superfluous ports and pointless features. Examples include using SSH instead of telnet, wired ethernet instead of WiFi, and deactivating Bluetooth.
Additionally, businesses should restrict their ability to communicate across non-network channels. Network firewalls, unidirectional diodes, access control lists, and virtual local area networks can all be used at the Layer 2 and 3 levels. Limiting IoT device internet connectivity will prevent attacks like ransomware and data theft that rely on installing command-and-control software.
Ensuring Certificates are Effective
IoT digital certificates guarantee secure authorisation, encryption, and data integrity and are commonly out of date and ineffectively managed. Even the initial access point to the network is not properly secured because this issue affects crucial network components like wireless access points. To address potential issues, including TLS versions, expiration dates, and self-signing, it is crucial to evaluate the status of these certificates and connect them with a certificate management solution.
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Identity and access management benefits users, security, IT administrators, and the entire company. Study the six primary benefits of an IAM framework.
In the past, when users wanted access to a particular system, program, or another corporate resource, they were given a username and password that corresponded to the required access level.
This was a reasonable approach when the number of IT services was modest, but it didn't take long for a user to maintain a dozen or more accounts. Many end users have resorted to putting their usernames and passwords on post-it notes and sticking them to their computer monitors to keep track of them. By any security standard, this password management method is an obvious no-no. Consequently, IT needs a method to manage the increasing number of user accounts better. Identity and access control proved to be the solution (IAM).
IAM is a framework of processes, policies, and systems that manage digital identities streamlined and safely. Here are the top six benefits of identity and access management for users, security administrators, and businesses.
Make life easier for end-users: IAM solutions allow users—workers, third parties, contractors, guests, customers, vendors, and partners—to access business systems regardless of their location, the time of day, and, in many cases, the device they are employing.
IT managers can utilize IAM systems to generate a unique digital identity for each user, including a single set of credentials, rather than forcing users to manage dozens of identities for different business apps or resources.
Did you know that the average response time for help desk tickets is 7 hours and 4 minutes? If employees are kept out of their accounts for this long while waiting for the help desk to reset their passwords or enable access, the lost productivity can amount to thousands of dollars.
With single sign-on (SSO), users can access cloud-based, SaaS, web-based, and virtual apps using their unique credentials. From productivity tools, such as Microsoft 365 or Salesforce, to collaboration applications, such as Zoom or file-sharing services, SSO reduces friction in login processes and enhances UX across the board.
Eliminate complex password problems: IAM solutions prohibit users from adhering passwords to their monitors, facilitating easier sign-in processes and increasing productivity.
In reference to passwords written on sticky notes, one of the most common sources of data breaches today is compromised user credentials. Numerous IAM systems provide password management capabilities that aid security administrators in enforcing password best practices, such as minimum character lengths and frequent password updates, and robust authentication methods, such as multifactor authentication, biometrics, and role-based access. ...Read more
From manufacturing plants and energy grids to water systems and logistics hubs, industrial sectors are increasingly dependent on interconnected systems to optimize performance, automate processes, and reduce costs. Digital integration brings significant vulnerabilities that, if exploited, can lead to operational shutdowns, data breaches, physical damage, and safety hazards. Mapping assets and understanding their roles in mission-critical operations allows organizations to categorize them based on their risk profile and potential impact.
Compliance and Continuous Monitoring
While technology forms the backbone of industrial cyber risk management, human behavior and organizational culture often determine its success. Compliance with industry standards and regulatory frameworks also underpins a robust risk management strategy. For industries with national security relevance, mandatory compliance with government cybersecurity directives is often non-negotiable. Continuous monitoring is a final, critical component. Combining the tools with threat intelligence feeds and behavioral analytics enhances the ability to predict, prevent, and respond to sophisticated attacks.
Industrial cyber risk management is no longer a back-office function; it is a frontline defense against increasingly sophisticated threats. By building a layered defense strategy, cultivating a security-first culture, and embracing continuous monitoring, industries can protect not just their data but also their people, processes, and physical assets. In a world where downtime can mean disaster, proactive and adaptive cybersecurity has become the backbone of resilient industrial operations.
Building a Resilient Cybersecurity Framework
Effective industrial cyber risk management begins with a structured framework that aligns cybersecurity objectives with operational priorities. Unlike traditional IT systems, OT assets like PLCs, SCADA systems, and sensors often operate on legacy protocols and lack built-in security. A strong risk management plan includes vulnerability assessments, threat modeling, and network segmentation. Threat modeling anticipates potential attack vectors by considering how adversaries might infiltrate systems or move laterally within networks.
Network segmentation is a critical tactic in minimizing the blast radius of a cyberattack. By isolating OT systems from the broader IT network using firewalls, DMZs (demilitarized zones), and strict access controls, organizations can limit exposure and contain threats more effectively. Regular patch management and firmware updates also play a key role, as many industrial cyberattacks exploit outdated systems. Where updates cannot be applied due to compatibility issues, compensating controls such as intrusion detection systems (IDS), endpoint protection, and real-time monitoring must be deployed. ...Read more
Organizations are under increasing pressure to upgrade their cybersecurity posture, yet many lack the resources to establish a complete in-house security leadership team. This challenge promotes the rapid use of virtual chief information security officer services. Businesses rely on external security specialists to provide on-demand strategic assistance, risk management, and compliance oversight. The concept is ideal for firms seeking high-level expertise without the expense and complexity of a permanent executive position. Rising digital risks and regulatory expectations continue to propel vCISO services into the mainstream, transforming how businesses approach security leadership.
Growing Demand for Flexible Security Leadership
More organizations now view vCISO services as an essential part of their security strategy. Many operate in dynamic environments where threats shift quickly, and internal teams often struggle to keep pace. A virtual security leader fills this gap by providing ongoing oversight, policy development, and incident readiness tailored to each business.
Smaller and mid-sized companies see substantial value in the vCISO model because it grants access to senior expertise at a manageable cost. Larger enterprises also tap into virtual security leadership to support regional operations, handle specialized projects, or bridge leadership gaps during transitions. The shift toward remote work and distributed systems makes flexible leadership even more relevant, as companies need continuous monitoring and rapid decision-making.
Industries with strict compliance requirements increasingly depend on vCISO guidance. External specialists help organizations interpret evolving standards and structure long-term programs that reduce exposure. This practical support enables companies to stay ahead of audits, certifications, and legal obligations while building a more resilient security culture.
Focus on Proactive Risk Management and Scalable Models
vCISO services now emphasize proactive security rather than reactive response. Providers implement structured risk assessments, develop scalable frameworks, and introduce security metrics that support informed decision-making. Stakeholders gain a clear view of vulnerabilities, threat patterns, and business impact, allowing them to prioritize investments more effectively.
Scalability represents another major trend. vCISO engagements now adapt to the client’s maturity level, whether a company requires basic governance or a comprehensive transformation. Modular service packages allow organizations to expand or reduce support as their needs change. This approach creates a long-term partnership rather than a one-time consultation.
Technology integration also strengthens modern vCISO models. Security leaders rely on advanced monitoring tools, automation, and analytics to enhance visibility. These capabilities allow experts to detect abnormalities early and guide swift remediation. Organizations benefit from structured processes that support continuous improvement, incident preparedness, and stronger defense strategies. ...Read more
In this hyper-connected era, it is difficult to overstate the significance of robust cybersecurity solutions. As businesses become more reliant on digital tools and data models, the chance of a cyberattack increases. Cybersecurity is no longer a niche concern; rather, it has become central to organizational strategy.
New threats require new defenses; hence, those that can transform, mitigators, must also evolve. Any business attempting to maintain trust, abide by regulations, and protect its assets must stay one step ahead of these ever-changing cybersecurity trends. Understanding the trends and adapting the right solutions is, therefore, a foundational piece to ensure the future safety of any organization.
How Can Cloud Security and Data Protection Be Ensured?
Cloud security has become an urgent issue as more and more companies migrate their operations to the cloud. Cloud platforms have given businesses the necessary flexibility and scalability for data storage and access, but they have also come with vulnerabilities. Some of the threats associated with the cloud infrastructure include data breaches, unauthorized access, and insecure third-party integrations. In response to these threats, organizations are adopting ultra-modern encryption approaches, multi-factor authentication, and more controls over access to secure sensitive information.
The innovative cybersecurity solutions are offering real-time threat detection with automated responses, thus significantly minimizing damage from breaches. As the adoption of cloud grows, these security solutions will change and become more mature in the protection of organizations against various cyber threats.
AI and ML are changing how cyber threats are countered by proactively defending organizations against risks that are changing every second. Applied security has worked well in some cases, but routinely falls short of securing modern enterprise setups due to performance and supporting execution. AI and ML algorithms are capable of performing in-depth analysis of big datasets within a short time and determining the pattern of behavior or detecting any anomalous behavior that suggests a potential threat. With the help of these technologies, businesses are able to identify and respond to cyberattacks in a matter of seconds, sometimes even before these attacks can escalate into full-blown incidents.
By automating threat detection and response abilities in real time, businesses can limit the time it takes to minimize security risks and mitigate damages caused during an attack. The role of AI and ML will therefore become even more stringent as cybercriminals refine their art of deception against traditional measures.
What is the Zero Trust Security Framework?
Zero Trust security is growing in importance as companies employ more decentralized networks and promote work-from-home paradigms. The perimeter-based security model hardly suffices in today's mobile-dependent world, where access is granted through location and device.
The Zero Trust thought process works on the assumption that any user and device trying to access the system, be it inside or outside the network, cannot be trusted by default. Therefore, no access is given without rigorous verification, and once verified, only the minimum possible access is granted. This can exceptionally help in putting these checks in place against insider threats and external breaches. By far, as businesses are embracing remote and hybrid working, the Zero Trust framework will keep gaining more prominence and offer a complete, modern solution for the various areas in cybersecurity. ...Read more
